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Air pollution may increases the risk of dementia, poor cognitive function.

April 26, 2015 By Doyle Buehler Leave a Comment

air pollution

A new study has found that long-term exposure to fine particle air pollution can increase the risk of dementia and poor cognitive function by causing subtle changes in the structure of the brain.

The fine particle air pollution is defined as particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5). Scientists say this may be the most hazardous as well as common type of air pollution. Some of the main sources of such particle air pollution are burning coal or wood and car exhaust.

Elissa Wilker, lead study author and instructor of medicine at the Harvard Medical School, said, “Long-term exposure to air pollution showed harmful effects on the brain in this study, even at low levels, mainly with older people and even those who are relatively healthy.”

For the study, the researchers involved 943 healthy adults without stroke and dementia problem. The study participants belonged to the greater Boston area, New York and New England, the regions where levels of air pollution are low in comparison to other parts of the country and the world.

During the period between 1995 and 2005, the researchers used a technique called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of effect of the long-term exposure to air pollution on the specific markers of brain structure.

It was found that a two microgram per cubic metre of air surge in particulate matter (PM) 2.5 was linked to a 0.32 percent smaller total cerebral brain volume and a 46 percent increased risk of covert infarcts in brain, which is a kind of silent stroke.

Wilker said, “The magnitude of association for brain volume was similar to nearly one year of brain ageing.”

Automobiles, industries are increasing the air pollution causing the imbalance in the environment. We have seen a lot of side effects due to air pollution and these continue to grow every year. More studies are being funded to make avoid the negative effects caused by air pollution.

The findings of the study were published in the journal Stroke.

Filed Under: Lifestyle Tagged With: Air pollution, cognitive function, dimensia, Elissa Wilker

Climate change, pollution boosting potency of airborne allergens: Study

March 23, 2015 By Stephanie James

climate change

A new study has found there exists certain types of air pollutants in the atmosphere associated with the daily traffic that can trigger chemical changes in airborne allergens and boost their potency.

According to the researchers, the air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone and other gases, can instigate changes chemically in certain airborne allergens.

The findings of the study could help in properly explaining the phenomenon behind increase in the airborne allergies.

Allergies linked with airborne factors are forcing more and more people to sniffle, sneeze and wheeze during the allergy season.

Ulrich PAschl, researcher from Max Planck Institute in Germany, said, “Scientists have long suspected that air pollution and climate change are involved in the increasing prevalence of allergies worldwide. But understanding the underlying chemical processes behind this phenomenon has proven elusive.”

“The research work is in preliminary stage, but it does begin to suggest how chemical modifications in allergenic proteins are affecting allergenicity,” Posch said.

During the study, the researchers analysed how air pollutants related traffic could raise the strength of the allergens.

In laboratory tests and computer simulations, the researchers analysed the effects of various levels of nitrogen dioxide and ozone on the biggest birch pollen allergen, known as Bet v 1.

The researchers found that ozone, which is the main component of smog, oxidizes an amino acid known as tyrosine that helps form Bet v 1 proteins.

This change sets in motion a chain of chemical reactions involving reactive oxygen intermediates that can bind the proteins together, leading to the alteration of their structures as well as their potential biological effects.

The researchers noted that the cross-linked proteins can become more potent allergens with this occurrence.

They also discovered that nitrogen dioxide, which is a component of automobile exhaust, seems altering the binding and polarity capabilities of Bet v 1 allergenic proteins.

According to the study, this along with the effects of ozone likely enhances the immune response of the body to these particles, particularly in wet, humid and smoggy environments.

The findings of the study were presented at the 249th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: ACS, Air pollutants, Air pollution, airborne allergens, airborne allergies, Bet v 1 proteins, climate change, National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society, nitrogen dioxide, Ulrich PAschl

Paris bans half of personal vehicles on streets to check pollution levels

March 22, 2015 By Carrie Davis

Police-in-Paris-enforces--015

In an attempt to check the rising levels of pollution and formation of smog, Paris has decided to ban half of the personal vehicles of the city from taking to the streets.

Mayor Anne Hidalgo on Saturday asked the regulating authorities to ensure prevention of one in every two cars from taking to the streets in the city. Besides, the city Mayor has also asked the authorities to make all public transport temporarily free in Paris as well as neighbouring towns. The initiative has been made by the city authorities in a bid to encourage use of public transportation system by the residents.

“I am delighted the state has agreed to put in place a partial driving ban on Monday, which I have been requesting for several days,” Hidalgo said on micro-blogging site Twitter.

La #pollution est une question de santé publique qui nous concerne tous : http://t.co/u6w0reXOkapic.twitter.com/rmi0BXP3ZF

— Anne Hidalgo (@Anne_Hidalgo) March 20, 2015

The city officials will only allow personal vehicles with odd-numbered license plates on the road. However, some other types of vehicles like ambulance, taxis and electric cars will be permitted to run on the city roads in order to avoid any inconvenience to the public.

The level of air pollution was recorded far above the European safety standards for the third straight day on Thursday.

Similar emergency measures were also implemented last year in Paris when there was a particular bad spike in the levels of air pollution.

Several other cities in different countries have taken similar initiatives to combat smog.

If talk about the United States, Los Angeles holds the top spot in the list of cities having the worst smog, which violates federal health standards for ozone, i.e. an average of 122 days per year.

 

Filed Under: Lifestyle, United States & World Tagged With: Air pollution, Anne Hidalgo, Paris Mayor, Paris pollution levels, Paris smog levels

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