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Dark matter is not so dark as it is believed

April 15, 2015 By Kyle Mills Leave a Comment

dark matterFor the first time astronomers have observed sign of dark matter interacting with a force other than gravity.

Dark matter makes up most of the universe, it is 85 percent of the universe mass, but constitutes of dark matter are still unknown.

Scientists have made the discovery when they were viewing the simultaneous collisions of four distant galaxies at the center of the galaxy cluster which is 1.3 billion light years away from Earth.

Scientists at the Durham University, UK viewed the galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope and the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope.

Scientist found that one dark matter clump is lagging behind the galaxy it surrounds. They said that the dark matter is lagging behind its galaxy by 5,000 light years, and it would take 90 million years to travel by the NASA’s voyager spacecraft.

The dark matter lags behind the galaxy, if it interacts very slightly with the forces other than gravity.

Computer simulations show that extra friction from collision will cause the dark matter to slow down or even lag behind.

It is believed that galaxies exist in the clumps of dark matter called dark, because it is thought to interact with gravity and making it invisible.

If there was no dark matter then the galaxies like the milky way would fling themselves apart as they spin, it is the gravity of the dark matter which is holding on to it.

Dark matter clumps can be seen by gravitational lensing, where the dark matter bends the light from the distant galaxies because of its gravitational force.

The new discovery rules out the standard theory of Cold Dark Matter which theorizes that the dark matter will only interact with gravity.

“We used to think that dark matter sits around, minding its own business, but if it slowed down during this collision, this could be the first dynamical evidence that dark matter notices the world around it. Dark matter may not be completely ‘dark’ after all,” said Dr Richard Massey, Royal Society Research Fellow, in Durham University’s Institute for Computational Cosmology, lead author of the study.

More investigation is needed to find the other effects which can bring the lag in the dark matter.

“Our observation suggests that dark matter might be able to interact with more forces than just gravity. The parallel Universe going on around us has just got interesting. The dark sector could contain rich physics and potentially complex behavior,” said, team professor Liliya Williams, of the University of Minnesota.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: dark matter

New high-resolution maps offer greater insight into Dark Matter

April 14, 2015 By Doyle Buehler 1 Comment

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The new maps charting the location of dark matter over a large portion of the sky has shown that the dark and light cluster together in the universe.

According to the new maps, large amounts of dark matter exist at some places, while other locations are almost completely empty.

The researchers, who had designed the maps, also examined at the location of regular matter, i.e. huge clusters of galaxies, and found that both are likely linked. In simpler terms, the galaxy clusters tend to be located nearby the place where the dark matter exists.

The map was designed and produced after collecting data from the Dark Energy Survey. It was released on Monday at the April 2015 meeting of the American Physical Society. The main goal of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) is to comprehend the mysterious phenomenon that causes the expansion of universe at faster and faster pace.

The new map is prepared in accordance with the current theories, suggesting that the massive gravitational pull of dark matter would pull the regular matter toward it and bring the dark and light universe together.

According to the researchers, the universe possesses nearly five times more dark matter compared to the regular one, and the gargantuan gravitational force produced by all the dark matter influences the formation of galaxies and its evolution.

“Zooming into the maps, we have measured how dark matter envelops galaxies of different types, and how together they evolve over cosmic time. We are eager to use the new data coming in to make much stricter tests of theoretical models,” said Chihway Chang, study lead author from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich.

The scientists used the high resolution camera 750 megapixel Dark Energy Camera to gather the data for the maps. The camera has been mounted on the four meters Victor M. Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Chile.

The study analysis will be detailed at the website arxiv.org on April 14.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: American Physical Society, Chihway Chang, dark energy survey, dark matter, dark matter map, maps for universe, space maps, Universe

New maps reveal the concentration of dark matter in cosmos

April 14, 2015 By Dave Smith Leave a Comment

darkThe new maps show that the large portion of the sky is filled with dark matter. It also shows that there is large amount of dark matter in some places and it is entirely absent in some places.

The galaxies are present where there is high concentration dark matter and where there is less dark matter the galaxies are also very less.

The map is produced from the data taken by the Dark Energy Survey. These maps are unveiled at the American Physical Society.

The new map aggress with the current theories which states that where is dark matter there will be galaxies as the gravitational pull of the dark matter will pull the galaxies towards itself.

The universe has five times more dark matter than the matter which can be seen, and the gravitational pull by the dark matter will influence how the galaxies are formed and evolved.

The study focuses on the smaller area of the sky.

The maps are highest resolution maps of this kind over such a large area which is 150 degrees square on the sky.

The maps point that even though the dark matter and the matter which can be seen are different but dark matter has strong pull on regular matter and determines how it is distributed in the universe.

Maps when zoomed will show how dark matter envelops galaxies and how they evolve together.

The data was taken from the Dark Energy Camera which is 750 megapixels.

The main aim of the Dark Energy Survey is to understand how dark energy is causing the universe to expand faster and faster.

Dark matter is invisible because it does not emit, radiate or block light.

Dark Energy Camera used the gravitational lensing phenomenon to develop those maps. Gravitational lensing is how the dark matter’s gravitational pull bends light from distant galaxies.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: dark matter

Large Hadron Collider restarts after two-year refit to study Big Bang

April 5, 2015 By Jeff Suchon Leave a Comment

tunnel-transport

The ambitious Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment of the scientists at Europe’s particle physics research centre CERN to study ‘Big Bang theory’ was restarted on Sunday after two-year refit.

The re-operationalization of LHC has once again embarked a new bid to find answers to some of the interesting mysteries of the universe and explore the ‘dark matter’.

The LHC machine was shut down for two years for undergoing a refit.

According to the researchers, the success of the second run completely depends upon lying in breaking out of the ‘Standard Model’ of the working of the universe at the elementary particles level and into “New Physics”.

That also includes exploring for the dark matter that constitutes approximately 96 percent of the components of the universe but can only be spotted by its influence on visible matter such as planets and galaxies.

The astronomers and space scientists are preparing for particle-smashing collisions likely to begin in June, though any new discoveries made are not expected to emerge until middle of 2016.

The overhaul included new magnets, which is much higher voltages and energy beams and an entire check of all wiring around the underground 27-kilometer (17-mile) tunnel of the Large Hadron Collider and its four key detectors and multiple magnets.

Elaborating upon the research organisation’s live blog for the LHC restart, CERN Director General Rolf Heuer, said, “It’s fantastic to see it going so well after two years and such a major overhaul.”

During the last run, between 2010 and 2013, the scientists kept a track record of the Higgs boson particle after several years of hunt in the recorded debris from the collisions of particle at CERN as well as in other smaller colliders.

In two months, the European research center will commence the smashing of particles into each other in the Large Hadron Collider with about two times the energy than that of the first run that occurred between 2010 and 2013, and as before at close to the speed of light.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: Big Bang theory, CERN, dark matter, formation of solar system, Large Hadron Collider, LHC refit, Rolf Heuer, Solar System, Sun

LHC is now ready to discover dark matter particle

March 21, 2015 By Kyle Mills

LHCNow it’s time to reboot the world largest particle collider LHC for a new set of experiments. By the end of the march it is going to be restated by an international team of physicists.

The new experiment is to find out what is dark matter.

It was the Hubble telescope which for the first time discovered dark matter and dark energy. It further enlightened that noticeable matter is just 5 percent of the universe and 70 percent of the universe is dark energy and the remaining 25 percent is dark matter.

What is dark matter? This is the stuff that pulls gravitationally on matter around it, it is invisible because it does not interact with light and this makes it hard to detect.

The scientist has never come across a particle which exhibits such properties, and they are eagerly waiting that they could find the particle responsible for dark matter from the debris of the LHC collision.

What is LHC? LHC stands for Large Hadron Collider which is in Geneva. It is the most powerful particle accelerator in the world which is built by CERN or the European Organization for Nuclear Research.

This machine has long, oval shape tunnel where the subatomic particles like the protons, neutrons move at the speed of light. These two beams of particles are pointed against each other so that they can make a head on collision. This collision generates hot cloud of debris reaching temperatures which is 1,000,000 times hotter than the center of the sun and this debris may contain some never seen particles.

Back in 2008, just nine days into its first run of experiments, there was a significant incident at the Large Hadron Collider which has damaged some parts of it and was sent for repair.

After the collider coped, on July 4th 2012, there was another experiment performed at the LHC. There were two experiments conducted one at LHC and other at CMS and ATLAS. The result of the experiment was the biggest findings ever. They discovered a new invisible particle called the Higgs Boson.  This is the particle which gives mass to everything and holds the universe together.

The LHC was shut down for maintenance and after two years, now the scientists are going to conduct a new experiment.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: ATLAS, CERN, CMS, dark energy, dark matter, higgs boson, HUbble, Large Hadron Collider, LHC collider

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