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Octopus don’t really need eyes to see light, they can see through their skin

May 24, 2015 By Kyle Mills Leave a Comment

octopusAccording to a new research, octopus doesn’t need eyes to sense light, but their skin can do it for them.

It was found that octopus skin contains the pigment proteins normally found in eyes, making it responsive to light.

Octopuses are masters of camouflage, changing textures, color and patterns of their skin in order to blend with the environment and communicate with each other.

As this was not enough, new research has found that octopus skin can sense light.

Researchers believe that octopus rely on their vision in order to change color. Octopus are color blind, but they use their eyes to sense the color in their surroundings, then relaxing and contracting their chromatophores, the tiny bags filled with color pigments suitably. Chromatophores take any of the three basic pattern templates in order to camouflage them. The whole process takes only one-third of the second.

In 1960’s, experiments proved that chromatophores react to light, this imply that they can be controlled without feedback from the brain.

Biologists from University of California, Santa Barbara, Desmond Ramirez and Todd Oakley took several skin samples from a species of octopus known as California two spot.

They then placed the samples collected in a petri dish using insect pins. They have then used light emitting diodes to shine lights of different wavelengths onto the sample skin.

They found that when the skin was exposed to continuous bright white light, chromatophores expanded rapidly and remained expanded, pulsating rhythmically.

When the sample was exposed to red light, the muscles contracted rhythmically but did not expand the chromatophores.

Octopus aren’t the only species that can see using their skin, but there are several other species that contain opsins in their skin making them sensitive to light.

The study presents the first evidence that octopus skin is sensitive to light.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: california two spot, chromatophores, Desmond Ramirez, light, octopus can see with their skin, octopus color blind, Octopus dont need eyes to see, octopus master camouflage, opsins, skin, skin can sense light, skin is having a light sensitive protein, Todd Oakley

Hubble captures images of bright green clouds

April 6, 2015 By Dave Smith Leave a Comment

QuasarsHubble Space Telescope has captured new images of eight massive green clouds of gas which is tens of thousands of light years away.

Quasars are bright masses of light and energy in the universe.

Theses gas clouds indicates the existence of quasars, and they glow by the beams of radiation emitted by the quasars.

ESA and NASA are partners in the Hubble project.

Photoionisation is the process by which once invisible filaments in the deep space are glowing by the beam of radiation of quasar.

“However, the quasars are not bright enough now to account for what we’re seeing; this is a record of something that happened in the past. The glowing filaments are telling us that the quasars were once emitting more energy, or they are changing very rapidly, which they were not supposed to do,” said lead author of the study Bill Keel, researcher from the University of Alabama.

He added, “We see these twisting dust lanes connecting to the gas, and there’s a mathematical model for how that material wraps around in the galaxy.  Potentially, you can say we’re seeing it 1.5 billion years after a smaller gas-rich galaxy fell into a bigger galaxy.”

The filaments contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, helium and neon which absorb light from the quasar and slowly re-emit the light over thousands of years.

The green color of the gas clouds is due to ionized oxygen.

Quasars are powered by black holes. Black hole is surrounded by the disk of gasses and due to its gravitational pull gas and dust from the surroundings disk fall into the black hole, these materials are heated to high temperature and then it blasts off resulting in a quasar radiating high amount of energy, light and particles into space.

The gas clouds are lit up by a radiation from quasars and it is believed that the quasar is dead and since the gas clouds are thousands of light years away from the center of galaxy the quasar beam has taken thousands of years to reach the clouds.

Scientists believe that the gas clouds resulted from merging of galaxies.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: green gas, green gas clouds, ionized oxygen, light, quasars, radiation

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