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New high-resolution maps offer greater insight into Dark Matter

April 14, 2015 By Doyle Buehler 1 Comment

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The new maps charting the location of dark matter over a large portion of the sky has shown that the dark and light cluster together in the universe.

According to the new maps, large amounts of dark matter exist at some places, while other locations are almost completely empty.

The researchers, who had designed the maps, also examined at the location of regular matter, i.e. huge clusters of galaxies, and found that both are likely linked. In simpler terms, the galaxy clusters tend to be located nearby the place where the dark matter exists.

The map was designed and produced after collecting data from the Dark Energy Survey. It was released on Monday at the April 2015 meeting of the American Physical Society. The main goal of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) is to comprehend the mysterious phenomenon that causes the expansion of universe at faster and faster pace.

The new map is prepared in accordance with the current theories, suggesting that the massive gravitational pull of dark matter would pull the regular matter toward it and bring the dark and light universe together.

According to the researchers, the universe possesses nearly five times more dark matter compared to the regular one, and the gargantuan gravitational force produced by all the dark matter influences the formation of galaxies and its evolution.

“Zooming into the maps, we have measured how dark matter envelops galaxies of different types, and how together they evolve over cosmic time. We are eager to use the new data coming in to make much stricter tests of theoretical models,” said Chihway Chang, study lead author from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich.

The scientists used the high resolution camera 750 megapixel Dark Energy Camera to gather the data for the maps. The camera has been mounted on the four meters Victor M. Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Chile.

The study analysis will be detailed at the website arxiv.org on April 14.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: American Physical Society, Chihway Chang, dark energy survey, dark matter, dark matter map, maps for universe, space maps, Universe

Our universe may not be expanding as fast as thought: Study

April 11, 2015 By Carrie Davis Leave a Comment

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The pace of expansion of our universe may not be as fast as we have believed, according to a new study.

The study, which was conducted by a team of astronomers from the University of Arizona, showed that there exist certain types of exploding stars or supernovae that are more diverse than earlier thought. The results have implications for major cosmological queries, like at what acceleration is our universe expanding since the major Big Bang phenomenon.

The astronomers found that type Ia supernovae fall into different populations. So far, type Ia supernovae have been considered very uniform and this is the reason why the cosmologists have used them as cosmic beacons in order to plumb the universe’s depths.

The results are analogous to sampling a 100-watt light bulbs selection at the hardware store and uncovering that they differ in brightness.

Peter A. Milne, study lead author, said that they discovered the variance is not random. However, they lead to split of Ia supernovae into two groups, where the minority group near them are in the majority at large distances and thus when our universe was younger.

 

The latest discovery has thrown light on the currently approved view of the universe that is expanding at an unexpectedly faster rate, which is pulled apart by a badly understood force known as dark energy.

Concluding the study, the authors said that some of the acceleration of the universe reported so far can be clearly explained by the differences in color between the two supernovae groups, which will leave less acceleration than reported initially. In turn, this would need lesser dark energy than it was currently assumed.

The findings of the study were published in the Astrophysical Journal.

Filed Under: Discovery Tagged With: Big Bang, Peter A. Milne, type Ia supernovae, Universe, universe expansion, University of Arizona

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